Author Archives: luissanchezvera

Situation: 27 year old male patient presented for wellness visit. Patient denied diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pain, food intolerances, change of appetite, unexplained weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. Patients last BM was yesterday afternoon and described it as medium, soft and … Continue reading →

Virchow’s Triad: Hypercoagulability, Venous Stasis, and Vessel Injury. Most Common Cause: Deep Vein Thrombosis Thrombus formation in the systemic circulation is dislodged and travels to the vena cava. Movement from the systemic circulation to the heart and eventually to the … Continue reading →

    Normal Glucose Levels: 70-109 mg/dl Hyperglycemic level: >120 mg/dl A result of inadequate insulin production or receptor insensitivity. Glucose levels rise in the blood when the body is not able to store excess glucose. Clinical manifestations include fatigue … Continue reading →

Mental Status: Alert and orientated to person, places, and time. Patient identifies Cranial Nerves: All 12 Cranial Nerves Olfactory-Smell Optic-Test by confrontation (peripheral vision intact) Occulomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens- Six cardinal positions of gaze and H-Test Trigeminal- Light touch on face … Continue reading →

Buffer System: Respiratory induced acid-base imbalance: Hyperventilation (anxiety/panic attacks) causes an excess of CO2 to leave the body resulting in Respiratory Alkalosis. Hypoventilation (COPD, Medication) accumulates CO2 in the body and results in Respiratory Acidosis. CO2 is main respiratory stimulus … Continue reading →

One important role of Kidney function involves blood pressure regulation. Baroreceptors in the aorta detect a decrease in blood pressure along with baroreceptors in the glomerulus of the kidneys. Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System follows.  Renin is released from the … Continue reading →

Acute Stress I have always been extremely fascinated with the intricate adaptation and regulation of the human body to acute stress. The concern here is not eliminating the source of stress but understanding the physiology behind the stress and learning how to … Continue reading →